To learn more about the HLM licenses available for purchase click here. Overview In social research and other fields, research data often have a hierarchical structure. HLM: can fit for two-, three- and four-level models with continuous, count, ordinal, and nominal outcome variables. To do this, select the Basic Specifications menu item. In the ensuing dialog box, click Graph Equations. Your Y axis will always be the dependent variable specified in the level-1 equation.
You can choose any variable that you like for the X axis. For example, if you were studying the relationship between SES and math achievement scores, you would likely choose SES as your X axis variable. Choosing a continuous variable for the X axis will produce a line graph that is the regression line, whereas choosing a categorical variable for the X axis will produce a bar graph.
If you choose only an X variable, your graph will be the regression line for the entire population. SSM , graphing the regression line for the math achievement regressed on SES produces the following graph:. The graphing facility can also be used for more sophisticated graphs as well that contain level-2 variables and random effects.
Using the options for the Z axis, you can add additional variables to the model containing random slopes and intercepts. For example, the model shown below has a random intercept and random slope for the SES variable. After running this model, you can request separate lines for the variable sector. This variable has two values, 0 and 1.
Selecting this variable in the Z focus 1 section of the dialog box, under the Level-2 dropdown menu produces the following graph:. The two lines represent the two values of sector. As the legend indicates, the line with the lower intercept is for cases where sector has a value of 0 and the higher intercept is for cases that have values of 1 for the sector variable.
In addition to graphing separate lines for dummy coded, or categorical data, you can also graph separate lines for continuous independent variables. You would likely not want to graph separate lines for every value of a continuous variable, so you will have to make some decisions about how to represent these variables.
Selecting meanses from the Level-2 dropdown menu will add this variable to the graph. There are several options available for representing continuous variables, such as meanses.
If you select the Choose up to 6 values option, you will need to fill in the boxes under the Choose up to 6 heading. Otherwise, separate lines will be plotted for each of the percentiles or quartiles that were selected.
For example, choosing the 25th and 75th percentiles option, in conjunction with the options selected in the previous examples, produces the following graph:.
In this graph the lower 25th percentile of meanses is -. Thus, there is a line plotted for cases with a value of 0 for sector and a mean SES of -. The same is true for cases with a value of 1 for sector: there is a line for a mean SES of -. General Inquiries: stat. MS in Data Science Inquiries: ms-datascience. Download the free student version of SuperMix 1 from the Scientific Software International Web site for your own personal computer.
SuperMix 1 can analyze two- and three-level models. Answer: HLM is stored on the server in a directory that is read-only. Back to top Level-1 Regression Equations Question: I have a two-level model in which students are nested within schools. Answer: HLM output does not include the empirical Bayes parameters for the individual level-2 units.
The data produced by the syntax shown will appear as follows in the SPSS Data Editor: Each row represents a level-2 unit in the residual file, so in this file, each row represents a school.
Back to top R-squared in a Hierarchical Model Question: I have a two level model in which students are level-1 units nested within schools, which are my level-2 units. Answer: It isn't possible to obtain a true R-squared value in HLM; however, there are statistics that provide a value of the total explainable variance that can be explained by the model, and they are often referred to as R-squared or pseudo R-squared values.
In the dialog box below, the model has an outcome variable, mathach , but has no independent variables: The error terms for both the level-1 and level-2 models that you will use to obtain an R-squared are in the Final estimation of variance components section at the bottom of the output: Final estimation of variance components: Random Effect Standard Variance df Chi-square P-value Deviation Component INTRCPT1, U0 2.
In the dialog box below, the level-1 independent variable, ses, which is each student's socioeconomic status, is added to the level-1 model: Note that the level-2 intercept is fixed in the above model there is no error term in level Again, you will look at the Final estimation of variance components section at the bottom of the output to obtain the error terms: Final estimation of variance components: Random Effect Standard Variance df Chi-square P-value Deviation Component INTRCPT1, U0 2.
First, consider the within-unit formula, which is a measure of how well socioeconomic status explains math achievement scores: Using the formula recommended by Snijders and Bosker , the following values are used to calculate the explained variance: 1 - Here, using the formula provided by Kreft and de Leeuw and Singer with the level-2 variances, the following values are obtained: 8.
References Snijders, T. If you do not, see our online HLM tutorial. This document uses the sample dataset HSB. Next, go to the File menu and select the Graph Equation menu item.
SSM , graphing the regression line for the math achievement regressed on SES produces the following graph: The graphing facility can also be used for more sophisticated graphs as well that contain level-2 variables and random effects.
Selecting this variable in the Z focus 1 section of the dialog box, under the Level-2 dropdown menu produces the following graph: The two lines represent the two values of sector. For example, choosing the 25th and 75th percentiles option, in conjunction with the options selected in the previous examples, produces the following graph: In this graph the lower 25th percentile of meanses is -. Back to top. Welch 5. San chinese also allows you to standard the audio game in Mp3 san WebM occlusion for varying.
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